Okulandelayo inqubo yokukhiqiza ephelele kusukela ku-SMT (ubuchwepheshe bokukhweza phezulu) kuya ku-DIP (iphakheji elikabili elikumugqa), kuya ekutholweni kwe-AI kanye ne-ASSY (umhlangano), kanye nabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abanikeza isiqondiso kuyo yonke inqubo. Le nqubo ihlanganisa izixhumanisi ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ngogesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokusebenza kahle.
Qedela inqubo yokukhiqiza kusuka ku-SMT→DIP→AI ukuhlola→ASSY
1. I-SMT (ubuchwepheshe bokukhweza phezulu)
I-SMT iyinqubo ewumnyombo yokukhiqiza i-elekthronikhi, esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufaka izingxenye ze-surface mount (SMD) ku-PCB.
(1) Ukuphrinta kwe-solder paste
Izisetshenziswa: iphrinta yokunamathisela ye-solder.
Izinyathelo:
Lungisa i-PCB ebhentshini lokusebenza lephrinta.
Phrinta unamathisele we-solder ngokunembile kumaphedi e-PCB ngokusebenzisa insimbi yensimbi.
Hlola ikhwalithi yokuphrinta kwe-solder paste ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ayikho i-offset, ukuphrinta engekho noma ukuphrinta ngokweqile.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
I-viscosity nokuqina kwe-solder paste kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo.
Imeshi yensimbi idinga ukuhlanzwa njalo ukuze igweme ukuvaleka.
(2) Ukubekwa kwengxenye
Izisetshenziswa: Khetha bese Ubeka Umshini.
Izinyathelo:
Layisha izingxenye ze-SMD kumphakeli womshini we-SMD.
Umshini we-SMD ucosha izingxenye ngombhobho futhi uzibeke ngokunembile endaweni eshiwo ye-PCB ngokohlelo.
Hlola ukunemba kokubeka ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi akukho offset, izingxenye ezingalungile noma izingxenye ezingekho.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
I-polarity kanye nesiqondiso sezingxenye kufanele kube okulungile.
Umbhobho womshini we-SMD udinga ukugcinwa njalo ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwezingxenye.
(3) I-Reflow soldering
Izisetshenziswa: Isithando somlilo sokugeleza kabusha.
Izinyathelo:
Thumela i-PCB ekhweziwe esithandweni sokushisa sokugeleza kabusha.
Ngemuva kwezigaba ezine zokushisa, ukushisa okuqhubekayo, ukugeleza kabusha nokupholisa, i-solder paste iyancibilika futhi kwakhiwa ukuhlanganiswa okuthembekile kwe-solder.
Hlola ikhwalithi yokunamathisela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi azikho iziphambeko ezinjengamajoyinti abandayo e-solder, amabhuloho noma amatshe amathuna.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
Ijika lokushisa le-reflow soldering lidinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokuya nezici ze-solder paste kanye nezingxenye.
Linganisa izinga lokushisa lomlilo njalo ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokushisela ezinzile.
(4) Ukuhlolwa kwe-AOI (ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo)
Izisetshenziswa: ithuluzi lokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo (AOI).
Izinyathelo:
Skena ngokubona i-PCB edayisiwe ukuze uthole ikhwalithi yamalunga e-solder nokunemba kokukhweza kwengxenye.
Rekhoda futhi uhlaziye amaphutha kanye nempendulo kunqubo yangaphambilini ukuze ulungiswe.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
Uhlelo lwe-AOI ludinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokuya ngedizayini ye-PCB.
Linganisa okokusebenza njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kokutholwa.
2. Inqubo ye-DIP (dual in-line package).
Inqubo ye-DIP isetshenziswa kakhulu ukufaka izingxenye ze- through-hole (THT) futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nenqubo ye-SMT.
(1) Ukufakwa
Izisetshenziswa: umshini wokufaka owenziwe ngesandla noma othomathikhi.
Izinyathelo:
Faka ingxenye yembobo endaweni ethile ye-PCB.
Hlola ukunemba nokuzinza kokufakwa kwengxenye.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
Izikhonkwane zengxenye zidinga ukusikwa zibe ubude obufanele.
Qinisekisa ukuthi i-polarity yengxenye ilungile.
(2) I-wave soldering
Izisetshenziswa: isithando somlilo esishisayo.
Izinyathelo:
Beka i-plug-in PCB esithandweni sokushisa samagagasi.
Solder ingxenye yezikhonkwane kumaphedi e-PCB ngokusebenzisa i-wave soldering.
Hlola ikhwalithi yokusoda ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awekho amajoyinti abandayo e-solder, amabhuloho noma amajoyinti avuzayo e-solder.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
Izinga lokushisa nesivinini se-wave soldering idinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokuya nezici ze-PCB nezingxenye.
Hlanza i-solder okugeza njalo ukuze uvimbele ukungcola ukuthi kuthinte ikhwalithi yokunamathisela.
(3) Ukufakwa ngesandla ngesandla
Lungisa i-PCB mathupha ngemva kokuhlanganisa amaza ukuze ulungise iziphambeko (njengamajoyinti abandayo e-solder namabhuloho).
Sebenzisa i-soldering iron noma isibhamu somoya oshisayo ukuze uhlanganise indawo.
3. Ukutholwa kwe-AI (ukutholwa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa)
Ukutholwa kwe-AI kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kokutholwa kwekhwalithi.
(1) Ukutholwa okubonakalayo kwe-AI
Izisetshenziswa: Isistimu yokubona okubonakalayo ye-AI.
Izinyathelo:
Thatha izithombe ezinencazelo ephezulu ye-PCB.
Hlaziya isithombe usebenzisa ama-algorithms e-AI ukuze uhlonze amaphutha e-solder, ingxenye ye-offset nezinye izinkinga.
Khiqiza umbiko wokuhlola futhi uwubuyisele ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
Imodeli ye-AI idinga ukuqeqeshwa futhi ithuthukiswe ngokusekelwe kudatha yangempela yokukhiqiza.
Buyekeza i-algorithm ye-AI njalo ukuze uthuthukise ukunemba kokutholwa.
(2) Ukuhlola okusebenzayo
Izisetshenziswa: Izinto zokuhlola ezizenzakalelayo (ATE).
Izinyathelo:
Yenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kukagesi ku-PCB ukuze uqinisekise imisebenzi evamile.
Rekhoda imiphumela yokuhlolwa futhi uhlaziye izimbangela zemikhiqizo enesici.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
Inqubo yokuhlola idinga ukuklanywa ngokwezimpawu zomkhiqizo.
Linganisa imishini yokuhlola njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kokuhlolwa.
4. Inqubo ye-ASSY
I-ASSY inqubo yokuhlanganisa i-PCB nezinye izingxenye zibe umkhiqizo ophelele.
(1) Ukuhlanganisa imishini
Izinyathelo:
Faka i-PCB endlini noma kubakaki.
Xhuma ezinye izingxenye ezifana nezintambo, izinkinobho, nezikrini zokubonisa.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
Qinisekisa ukunemba kokuhlanganisa ukuze ugweme ukulimala ku-PCB noma ezinye izingxenye.
Sebenzisa amathuluzi e-anti-static ukuvimbela ukulimala okumile.
(2) Ukushiswa kwesoftware
Izinyathelo:
Shisa i-firmware noma isofthiwe kumemori ye-PCB.
Hlola imiphumela evuthayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isofthiwe isebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
Uhlelo oluvuthayo kufanele lufane nenguqulo yehadiwe.
Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo eshisayo izinzile ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka.
(3) Ukuhlolwa komshini wonke
Izinyathelo:
Yenza izivivinyo ezisebenzayo emikhiqizweni ehlanganisiwe.
Hlola ukubukeka, ukusebenza nokuthembeka.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
Izinto zokuhlola kufanele zihlanganise yonke imisebenzi.
Rekhoda idatha yokuhlola futhi ukhiqize imibiko yekhwalithi.
(4) Ukupakisha nokuthunyelwa
Izinyathelo:
Ukupakishwa kwe-Anti-static kwemikhiqizo efanelekayo.
Lebula, pakisha futhi ulungiselele ukuthunyelwa.
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
Ukupakisha kufanele kuhlangabezane nezimfuneko zokuhamba nezokugcina.
Rekhoda ulwazi lokuthumela ukuze ukwazi ukulandeleka kalula.
5. Amaphuzu abalulekile
Ukulawulwa kwemvelo:
Vimbela ugesi ongaguquki futhi usebenzise amathuluzi namathuluzi e-anti-static.
Ukulungiswa kwezisetshenziswa:
Njalo gcina futhi ulinganise imishini efana namaphrinta, imishini yokubeka, ama-ovens agelezayo, ama-wave soldering ovens, njll.
Ukuthuthukisa inqubo:
Lungiselela amapharamitha enqubo ngokuya ngezimo zangempela zokukhiqiza.
Ikhwalithi yokulawula:
Inqubo ngayinye kufanele ihlolwe ikhwalithi eqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno.
